Elizabeth Cady Stanton Traits Of The Classic Feminist

On the other hand, Elizabeth Cady Stanton exemplifies the traits of the classic feminist. Despite her great accomplishments, Stanton came from a rather humble background that provided her with substantial support in the search for equality. Stanton was the first woman to run for election to Congress and the founder of the organized women s movement in the United States (Infobase Learning). Stanton was born on November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, New York. Her parents were Margaret Livingston Cady and Daniel Cady. She received an education at a Dame School and then at Emma Willard s Troy Female Seminary, from which she graduated in 1833 (Infobase Learning). After receiving a proper education, she married Henry B. Stanton with whom she had six children (Infobase Learning). Henry joined Elizabeth in the fight for equality amongst women and men. Her husband provided her with the needed support in the battle for equal opportunities. Stanton advocated many things, and opposed others. Her views were seen as inspirational to other women suffragists, and helped to bring the controversy over women equitability. The women’s rights movement expanded in the 1850s, but after the Civil War started, many feminists focused on abolishing slavery. They organized a â€Å"massive petition drive in the North for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery and collected more than 400,000 signatures, building momentum for its passage in 1865† (Infobase Learning). Years later, another amendment to

Summary Formative And Summative Assessments - 1072 Words

Summary: Formative and Summative Assessments in the Classroom by Catherine Garrison and Michael Ehringhais This article discusses the differences of formative and summative assessments; when to practice them and in what way would formative and summative assessments benefit both teacher and student. According to the article, â€Å"Formative assessment is a part of the instructional process. When incorporated into the classroom practice it provides the information needed to adjust teaching and learning while they are happening† (Garrison Ehringhaus, 2009). Formative assessment informs both teacher and student where adjustments can be arranged. Examples of formative assessment can be asking students higher thinking questions, group discussions and assignments with no point value. â€Å"Summative assessments are given periodically to determine at a particular point in time what students know and do not know† (Garrison Ehringhaus, 2009). Summative assessments usually have a grade. Examples of summative assessments are; state assessments, benchmarks and standardized tests. Summa tive assessments are a means of measuring a students’ capacity. It is crucial that both forms of assessments are used in the classroom, one assessment without the other is ineffective. Summary: Seven Practices for Effective Learning by Jay McTighe Ken O’Connor This article focuses on seven practices teachers can implement in their classrooms, to help enhance learning and teaching. â€Å"Classroom assessment andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Differentiating And Combining Formative And Summative Assessment1322 Words   |  6 PagesTheme: The importance of differentiating and combining formative and summative assessment. 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Bank Bailout 2008 Free Essays

string(93) " and no one wants’ to take the CDO, and now the CDO is acting like a bomb \(Roney, 2007\)\." Bank Bailout Outline I. Introduction II. Background III. We will write a custom essay sample on Bank Bailout 2008 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Opposition’s point 1, refute, 1st support for thesis. a. Credit Card Act of 2009 b. No Change at all, Banks still operating the same way IV. Opposition’s point 2, refute, 2nd support for thesis. a. Creation of TARP b. $12. 2 trillion dollars of tax dollars were spent wrong c. TARP allowed many banks to allow credit again d. A majority of banks have paid back TARP money e. After TARP, Economy boosted V. Opposition’s point 3, refute, 3rd support for thesis a. Toxic assets cannot be removed easily b. Government takes more cost, then expects c. Economy will decline with removal of assets VI. 4th support for thesis a. Increased national debt b. Politicians were forced to sign this bill c. No solving of problems â€Å"Let’s hope we are all wealthy and retired by this house of cards falters† (Bloomberg, 2007). The credit crisis is known as the â€Å"House of Cards†, for years the banking industry has transformed many American lives, which has resulted in a troublesome economy. Many factors led to the credit crisis, such as the rise and fall of the housing market, and inaccurate credit ratings helped to create the sub-prime mortgage crisis (Issues Controversies, 2010). Low interest rates developed easy credit, in which people could get a mortgage and credit cards based on inaccurate credit ratings with the creation of sub-prime mortgages. People have the ability to own a home, with no down payment or fixed income. In August of 2007, the United States began a loss of confidence in securitized mortgages, which resulted in the Federal Reserve injecting $20 trillion dollars into the financial markets to ease the situation (â€Å"Obama Sends Warning to Big Banks, 2010). The most important question to be answered in the decade is â€Å"How a loss of $500 billion dollars from the sub-prime mortgage resulted in a $20 trillion dollar loss in equity values and an entire shock to the world’s financial system† (Woellert Kopecki, 2007). The United States government should not have given the financial institutions bailout money, because financial institutions using loop holes in the system to take advantage of their clients, financial institutions operations have stayed the same, and the government’s belief of a tree market economy goes against the bailout. The credit crisis is a â€Å"worldwide financial fiasco, which resulting from sub-prime mortgages, Collateralized Debit Obligations, Frozen credit markets, and credit default swaps† (Jarvis, 2009). The credit crisis brings two people together, people on Main Street and investors. The people on Main Street represent their mortgages or houses, while investors represent their money, which also represents big institutions such as pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds; sovereign funds (Jarvis, 2009). These groups brought through the financial system, composed of banks and brokers on Wall Street. As a result of the September 11th attack, Chairman Allen Greenspan lowered interest rates only to 1%, to allow credit to flow; however, investors have a very low return on investment (Snow, 2008). By lowering interest rates, it allows for banks to only borrow money from the Federal Government for 1% plus the surpluses from the Asian and Middle East market, which makes borrowing money easy for banks and to allow leverage (Adding up the Government’s Total Bailout Tab, 2009). The definition of leverage is, â€Å"borrowing money to amplify the outcome of a deal† and is a major way banks make their money (Princeton University, 2010). Wall Street takes out a majority of loans and uses leverage to their advantage, and a heavy flow of capital comes in. In which return, they pay back their original investment. The investors notice that Wall Street is making money very fast, and they want to create a new product to sell to Wall Street. The mortgage connects the home buyer with a mortgage lender on Wall Street who gives them a mortgage, which is great because housing prices throughout America have been rising (â€Å"Bailed out banks†, 2010). The mortgage lender gets a call from an investment banker who wants to buy the mortgage; and the lender sells it to him, and the investment brokers buys thousands of mortgages. Every month the investment banker gets the payments from all the mortgages that he purchased from the box and cuts the box into three slices â€Å"Safe, Ok and Risky†, and then he packs the slices into the box and calls it a Collateralized debt obligation or â€Å"CDO† (Woellert Kopecki, 2007). However, greed has risen to the investment banker and wants’ more mortgages; however, the lender does not have any more mortgages to sell, because everyone who has qualified for a mortgage already has one; and the birth of the sub-prime mortgage is born. With a standard loan, the homeowner had to prove his worth of a home, such as a job, good standing citizen, and assets. However, with a subprime mortgage, it was basically like free money. The person did not have to state their income, nor prove that you had a job. The investment banker and the lender are taking a risk, because if a home owner defaults on their mortgage, the lender gets the house and sells the house for a profit because home values have been increasing (Issues Controversies, 2010). While home values have been increasing, American incomes have been plummeting for years; and because of sub-prime mortgages, the person did not have to prove income, a person with a $30 thousand dollar income; could own a $300 thousand dollar home. Many people defaulted on their mortgages, and foreclosures have been on the rise. In the United States, foreclosures were up 81% in 2008 and up 225% from 206†, which equals out to 19 per 1,000 households (CBS News, 2008). Due to there was a huge increase in foreclosures, instead of housing prices increasing; the houses values decreased in value very quickly and resulted in more foreclosures. A $300 thousand dollar mortgages was now only worth $75 thousand dollars. So all the mortgages that was in th e investment banker CDO, now are worthless, and no one wants’ to take the CDO, and now the CDO is acting like a bomb (Roney, 2007). You read "Bank Bailout 2008" in category "Essay examples" The investment banker is now panicking because he borrowed millions of dollars to buy the mortgage, and now he cannot get rid of it; however he is not the only one. Thousands of investment bankers throughout the world have CDO’s on their hand (Bailed out banks, 2010). In result the world’s financial system has become frozen, and everyone starts going bankrupt. As a result of the failure, the United States government rolls out a new program called Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to prevent another bank failure. Under the bank bailout, creation of new legislation to protect the consumer has rapidly increased, and supporters of the bank bailout point to the Credit Card Act of 209. Not only were subprime mortgages affected, but due to the freeze in the credit market in the United States government needed a way to regulate the credit card industry, but also to stimulate spending. Under the Credit Card Act of 2009, they require the financial institutions to give the cardholders 45 day’s notice of any interest rate change and financial institutions are prohibited from using misleading terms such as â€Å"prime or fixed rate† (The White House, 2009). With this legislation in place, it protects the consumer from many of the scams that the mortgage industry used as bait to get clients into buying houses they could not afford, using the subprime mortgages (Roney, 2007). But also it allows for Congress to embrace new regulations placed on the financial institutions. The Credit Card Act of 2009 that has become part of the famous bank bailout, however, it has been shown to protect the consumer, and Congress will regulate the new rules placed on financial institutions. For example, â€Å"there is no cap on the interest rate the credit card companies can charge†, and while credit card companies cannot increase you interest rate but only if you are late on a payment, â€Å"However future purchases interest rates can be raised with no reason† (White, 2010). The credit card companies have the ability to raise the interest rate on any purchases, while they must still notify you of the higher interest rate, the ballooning of the interest rate can take place at any time. This is exactly the same measures the financial institutions have used to misinform their consumers and â€Å"kick them when they are down† and â€Å"corrupt the middle class of America† (White, 2010). How the subprime mortgage boomed, had to come from the terms that many of the average consumers cannot understand, and a major aftermath of the subprime/credit crisis, occurred when many people defaulted on their homes and credit cards (Roney, 2007). Then the mortgage and home will not exist for the family any more, and the credit card companies will balloon their interest rate enough so that the card holders will not be able to pay their credit card/mortgage. In which then the financial institution hounds them and attacks them at their core roots and even calls other family members to alert them of the card holder financial problems because they cannot pay their bills. The banking and financial institution have not taken any actions to prevent another credit crisis from happening again. Supporters of the bank bailout, commonly referred to as TARP, argue that the bailout wiped all the bad toxic assets (CDO’s) which were collected as result of the credit crisis and prevented the assets from hurting the financial institutions. The major recipients were Freddie Mac; and Fannie Mae. Both were government owned enterprises which bought a majority of the sub-prime mortgages (Roney, 2007). Removing the bad assets from the financial institutions will have a positive effect on the economy because it allows banks to start lending again and unfreeze the markets. Under TARP, some mortgages would require the government to rewrite some of the effected loans, effectively putting more Americans into homes that they will be able to afford and by rewriting the loans also increase the standard of living. John Douglas, general counsel at the FDIC, said, â€Å"It doesn’t make sense to give the authority to anybody else but the FDIC†; he goes on to say â€Å"That’s what the FDIC does, it takes the bad assets out of the banks and manages them and sells them† (Vekshin Schmidt, 2009). However, the supporters of the bank bailout do not represent correct/valid points/facts. In a study by the IMF of the 124 banking crisis, they have concluded: Existing empirical research has shown that providing assistance to banks and their borrowers can be counterproductive, resulting in increased losses to banks, which often abuse forbearance to take unproductive risks at government expense. The typical result of forbearance is a deeper hole in the net worth of banks, crippling tax burdens to finance bank bailouts, and even more severe credit supply contraction and economic decline than would have occurred in the absence of forbearance. Valencia Laeven, 2008) As a result of the IMF study, it has concluded that removing the bad toxic assets from the banks could actually hurt the financial institutions and a system as a whole could freeze the credit markets again with a result of an economic decline, instead of an economic incline. Also there is no definition of a troubled market or loan. If the government wants to rewrite troubled mortgages or loans, there are no set criteria to say whether a mortgage or loan should be taken by the government and given to the troubled family. Another point, as Steward said, â€Å"The only way for this program to work is for enough of the bad mortgages/loans to be purchased to connivance lenders that the problem mortgages cannot hurt the system, or to put in simple terms, the government has to purchase enough mortgages/loans to inspire intra- institution (Stewart, 2008) Furthermore, the institutions will sell the assets that will remain depressed in value; and â€Å"no one is going to sell a asset that has a higher chance of making the institution money (Obama Sends Warning to Big Banks, 2010). In result, under TARP the government has a high probability of taking a majority of the loss. With the bank bailout, the economy will decline, and the government will take a great loss of the bank bailout. Supporters of the bank bailout will say that if the government did not step in and inject $20 trillion dollars into the market, an economic collapse could have happened and set America into another Great Depression. A heavy incline of unemployment; foreclosures were through the roof, a major decline in incomes (Solomon, Enrich, Hilsenrath, 2009). America was becoming a very sick nation, and the bank bailout would help the economy and stimulate the financial institutions to help start lending and unfreeze the credit market. As one writer wrote, â€Å"there was at no time better to inject the financial institutions at this time, if they collapse it may be the sign of the apocalypse† (Bailed out banks, 2010)/ If there was no bank bailout, there is a major chance that this will be a sign of the apocalypse because the United States drives the world and if the major financial institutions such as Bank of America or Merrill Lynch fails then the world economy could ultimately send the world in to another Great Depression. The major reason that the American government should not have passed the bank bailout was the cost to the government. Under the Bush administration, the national debit doubled to a record high $10 trillion dollars (Solomon, Enrich, Hilsenrath, 2009). There are more programs that the government has to pay for such as Social Security. Many economists call this the â€Å"polluter pays† which is defined as â€Å"polluters must pay for the cost of cleaning it up† (Princeton University, 2010). When the financial industry is bailed out of disasters, which a majority of the time throughout history, they have created those disasters. If the banking industry feels like they can be bailed out every time they make a major mistake, then the American people will pay because the bank bailout is directly connected to the taxpayer’s funds (Obama sends warning to Big Banks, 2010). A price tag of $700 billion dollar bailout has hidden costs which can go high as $3 trillion dollars, which can â€Å"be the shortfall between the economies potential output and its actual output from the crisis† (Issues Controversies, 2010). Another factor in the bank bailout is the morality, because the banks do not pay the costs that are imposed on a world society, which the tax payers pay directly into the banks and then the banks pay back into the government. Also, the political had a major role in deciding to pass the bank bailout. A senator said, â€Å"We had no choice. We had a gun pointed at our heads. Without the bailout, things would have been even worse† (Woellert Kopecki, 2007). While politicians did not have an actual gun to their head, figuratively speaking because they had a oversight on â€Å"saving the banks and shareholders† or â€Å"have saved the banks but let the bankers and shareholders go† because of the final tap that American tax payer will have to pay to the bailout the banks that created this mess (Solomon, Enrich, Hilsenrath, 2009). The bank bailout was a major mistake in the evolution of the financial world because it did not solve any problems; people can still be charged higher interest rates on their credit cards/mortgages. With TARP, there is no true removal of the bad assets that caused the credit crisis to form the bank bailouts; it only hurts the government because it has to take on the debt. Truly, we have stroke the core of the American people with the credit crisis, but at the same time the financial world has been given more powers and in a free market enterprise, the credit crisis can happen again at any moment. How to cite Bank Bailout 2008, Essay examples

Financial statements free essay sample

Procedure in Determining the Best Business Idea Preparation of the List of Business Ideas Screening of the Listed anal Selection Methods of Searching for 1 . Unanticipated Means -? The entrepreneur finds business ideas w/o serious effort a. The Persons Work b. The Persons Hobbies c. The Persons Acquaintances d. A chance event encountered by the person 2. Deliberate Search a. Using Search Questions b. Idea Prompting b. 1 . Someone elses idea b. 2. Customer request b. 3. Some other event Screening Generated Ideas 1 . Market Feasibility 2. Technical Feasibility 3.Financing Feasibility 4. Financial Feasibility a. Stable and Sufficient Demand A business idea will not last if there is insufficient demand for whatever product or service that is contemplated. Demand that remains constant or shows signs of growth throughout long periods indicates the probability of market feasibility. Demand must also be large enough to justify the investments that will be needed by the venture. B. Competitive Strength The business idea must be such that the venture can effectively compete with current or potential competitors.The competitive strength of the competitors must be determined in terms of product offerings, price, distribution methods, promotion methods, and others. NOTE: The proposed business idea must be strong enough to withstand competition. The Way to Sound Business Search for Business Screening Adoption of the Selected Business Idea Preparation of Formal Plans Sources of Market Information It is the information required to determine the market fit Of the business idea may be derived from the following: 1. ROR studies of the market/related markets by other companies, government agencies, and entrepreneurs. 2. Actual polls of population samples representing typical customers. The means used include the following: 2. A. Mail Questionnaires Advertisements incorporating feedback mechanisms such as mail responses . C. Phone interview 2. D. Personal Interview 3. Negotiations with prospective customers to solicit orders and determine whether or not they will actually buy.Technical Feasibility ; Business ideas of ten times appear easy to execute, but it is not really so when converting them into real products or services with the required quality or quantity. Financing Feasibility ; One of he factors necessary in determining whether a business idea should be considered or not is financing. Sources of Financing 1 . The Proposed Owners Savings 2. Relatives and Friends 3. Financing Institutions like banks Financial Feasibility The purpose of entrepreneurship is to provide a source of income to the entrepreneur.

To Kill a Mockingbird Newspaper Article free essay sample

Big Scandal By: Jessica Morash Above shows defence Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson Under the authority of Judge Taylor in the small town of Maycomb County, a black man named Tom Robinson (age twenty-five) was allegedly accused of raping Mayella Ewell (age nineteen). The events being told had originally happened according to defense Atticus Finch, when we heard him ask the alleged accused, â€Å"Tom, what had happened to you on the night of November twenty-first of last year? † One of the first witnesses is called to the stand by Mr. Gilmer to testify on what happened the night Miss Ewell stated that she was raped. The first witness was Heck Tate, Maycomb’s sheriff. According to his testimony, Mr. Tate stated that he was just leaving to go home when, â€Å"Mr. Ewell (Mayella’s father) came in, very excited he was, and said get out to his house quick, [a black man] raped his girl. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Newspaper Article or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † In return, Mr. Tate was asked if he had indeed gone to Mr. Ewell’s house, and he had given his response, â€Å"Certainly. Got in the car and went out as fast as I could. † It was reported that Mr. Tate had seen Miss Ewell lying in the middle of the floor and was â€Å"pretty well beat up,† Mr. Tate then continued, â€Å"I asked her who hurt her and she said it was Tom Robinson – asked her if he beat her like that, she said yes he had. Asked her if he took advantage of her and she said yes he did. So I went down to Robinson’s house and brought him back. She identified him as the one, so I took him in. That’s all there was to it,† he finished, and the Judge proceeded by asking if Atticus Finch would like to ask any questions to Mr. Tate, and responded yes. Mr. Finch, seeming very relaxed with his legs crossed and arm on the back of his chair asked, â€Å"Did you call a doctor, Sheriff? Did anybody call a doctor? In response Mr. Tate stated that no, he did not call a doctor. However, Mr. Finch wanted to make it clear to everyone in the room; he repeated himself twice more and in reaction to doing this, he responded with, â€Å"I just wanted to make sure, Judge. † Afterward, we’ve learned that Miss Ewell had gotten many bruises, as we ll as around the neck and had a black eye on her right side. Shortly after, we heard the name, â€Å"Robert E. Lee Ewell! † to be called to the stand. The man was very small, meek he was. Mr. Ewell started off by saying his first words as, â€Å"That’s m’name, cap’n,† and you could see Mr. Gilmer’s back stiffen as he spoke. Mr. Ewell was then asked if he was the father of Mayella Ewell to which he retorted, â€Å"Well if I ain’t I can’t do nothing about it now, her ma’s dead. † Judge Taylor stirred, re-asked the question, then Mr. Ewell came back with his words and said, â€Å"Yes, sir. † Mr. Gilmer then proceeded to ask Mr. Ewell what had happened in his own words. He started, â€Å"Well, the night of November twenty-one I was comin’ in from the woods with a load o’kindlin and just as I got to the fence I heard Mayella screamin’ like a stuck hog inside the house. † As Mr. Gilmer interrupted, he asked what time of the day it was, and to his response he continued, â€Å"Just ‘fore sundown. Well I was sayin’ Mayella was screamin’ fit to beat Jesus, so I dropped m’load and run as fast as I could up to th’ window and I seen-â€Å" His face grew scarlet red, and he pointed his finger to Mr. Tom Robinson. Continuing, â€Å"[†¦] I run for Tate quick as I could. I [knew] who it was, all right, lived down yonder [for fifteen years]. † Seeming hurried, Mr. Gilmer ended his session giving a quick, â€Å"Thank you, Mr. Ewell,† and returned to his seat. Shortly after Mr. Finch had risen as well as Mr. Ewell and both men ran right into each other, resulting a laughing court room. From this action, Mr. Finch asked if he could ask a few questions to Mr. Ewell. Atticus first asked if Mr. Ewell had ran to a doctor, this giving no surprise considered he already asked it three times before to Mr. Tate. In reply to Atticus, Mr. Ewell spoke, â€Å"[Wasn’t any] need to. I seen what happened. † Mr. Ewell also said that he agreed to everything Mr. Heck Tate said. Sure after this, Mr. Finch asked if Mr. Ewell could read or write, to which gave a small dispute with Mr. Gilmer because he didn’t think his literacy would have effect of the case. However Atticus overruled this by making sure to prove his point in the next question, which was following after Mr. Ewell responded with, â€Å"I most positively can. † So Mr. Finch gave Mr. Ewell a piece of paper and asked him to write his name and show everyone (just to prove he actually could read and write). It was seen that Mr. Ewell was left-handed, but he had no clue how this had effect, either. Atticus finally dismissed him. The third witness was called to the stand, we see that it was Mayella Violet Ewell. Judge Taylor started by saying, â€Å"Just tell us what happened. You can do that, can’t you? † This issues Mayella to burst out crying, covering her mouth. After a few minutes passed and Judge Taylor had calmed her down, Mr. Gilmer took over once again to ask questions. Miss Ewell then began by saying how she was on her front porch that evening while Mr. Robinson was walking by. She had asked him to chop up an old chiffarobe for kindling. â€Å"I said come here, [†¦] and bust up this old chiffarobe for me, I gotta nickel for you. He coulda done it easy enough, he could. So he come in the yard an’ I went in the house to get him the nickel and I turned around an ‘fore I knew it he was on me. Just run up behind me, he did. He got me round the neck, [cursing and saying fowl things] – I fought ‘n’ hollered, but he had me round the neck. He hit me again an’ again. † Mayella then finished with, â€Å"He done what he was after. † A while after Atticus had begun; he had asked Miss Ewell if her father had ever beaten her. In reply, â€Å"My [father] never touched a hair o’ my head in my life [†¦]. He never touched me. † Atticus then wanted to clarify that the man was Tom Robinson. He asked him to stand, and it revealed that Mr. Robinson’s left arm was shorter than his right which ended in a small shriveled hand that just hung by his side. Mr. Robinson supposedly had his arm caught in a cotton gin when he was a boy and it tore all of his muscles loose from his bones. Exposing this to the crowd, Atticus then asked, â€Å"Is this the man that raped you? † Confirmed that it was by Miss Mayella, Atticus’s next question was one word long: â€Å"How? † Miss Mayella was stuttering her answer revealing that it â€Å"all happened so fast,† and â€Å"I don’t know how he done it, he just did. By her saying this, Atticus replies back, â€Å"Now, Miss Mayella, you’ve testified that the defendant choked and beat you – you didn’t say that he sneaked up behind you and knocked you cold, but you turned around and there he was – do you wish to reconsider any of your testimony? † Regarding this, Miss May ella stood firm and didn’t change a thing. This is when Atticus asked one last time if she wanted to be open and tell us what happened. However, she wasn’t too impressed by Atticus’s invitation and yelled, â€Å"I got somethin’ to say an’ then I ain’t gonna say no more. That [man] yonder took advantage of me an’ If you fine fancy gentlemen don’t wanta do nothing about it then you’re all yellow stinkin’ cowards, stinkin’ cowards, the lot of you. Your fancy airs don’t come to nothin’ – your ma’amin’ and Miss Mayellaerin’ don’t come to nothin’ Mr. Finch! † and she burst out crying once again. The last witness left was called by Atticus. Tom Robinson sat down and Atticus started the questioning. He then asked Tom’s point of view of November twenty-first. He spoke clear, â€Å"Mr. Finch, I was going home as usual hat evenin’, and when I passed the Ewell place Miss Mayella were on the porch, like she said she were. It seemed real quiet like, an’ I didn’t quite know why. I was studyin’ why, just passin’ by, when she says for me to come there and help her a minute. Well, I went inside the fence and looked around for som e kindling to work on, but I didn’t see none, and she says, ‘No, I got something for you to do in the house. The old door’s off its hinges and falls coming on pretty fast. ’ I said you got a screwdriver, Miss Mayella? She said yes. [†¦]. I pulled it back and forth and those hinges was all right. Then she shut the door in my face. Mr. Finch, I was wondering why it was so quiet like, and it come to me that there weren’t a child on the place, not one of them, and I said Miss Mayella, where are the children? † She replied that they had gone to get ice cream. Then he continued, â€Å"Well, I said I best be goin’, I couldn’t do nothing for her, and she says oh yes I could, and I ask her what, and she says to just step on that chair yonder and get that box down from the top of the chiffarobe. Next thing I know, she grabbed me around the legs, and it scared me so bad. Tom continued and said that after he had gotten off the chair, she jumped on him, in a hugging manner, followed by Miss Mayella kissing Mr. Tom Robinson. He then stated that he had not raped Mayella Ewell, or had harmed her in any way. The final summation of the trial began with going over evidence. Judge Taylor was saying, â€Å"The absence of any corroborative evidence, this man was indic ted on a capital charge and is now on trial for his life. † About five minutes later Mr. Finch rises to the jury to begin his speech for defence of Tom Robinson. Following is the conclusion of the speech: â€Å"I’m no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and in the jury system – that is no ideal to me, it is a living, working reality. Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you sitting before me on this jury. A court is only as sounds as its jury, and a jury is only as sounds as the men who make it up. I am confident that you gentlemen will review without passion the evidence you have heard, come to a decision, and restore this defendant to his family. In the name of God, do your duty. †

Free Essays on The Lesson

, the reader almost immediately realizes the immaturity level of the speaker, because she has no knowledge of Miss Moore and yet has such negative things to say about her, which in turn not only makes her immature but also very ignorant. A field trip is planned by Miss Moore for the students to a toy store in the upscale rich part of the city (629). This is done to provide the students with th... Free Essays on The Lesson Free Essays on The Lesson The black youth of our society display some of the most entrepreneurial ability in the world. Many while being from disadvantaged backgrounds, go to college, start businesses, support their families, etc. In today’s society, there are ample opportunities for one to succeed and strive for a better life. Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson,† shows that although opportunity is always available, it rarely is taken advantage of, especially among the under-privileged in a community. The reader after evaluation of the first few paragraphs of this short story becomes aware that the characters are young with immature attitudes and highly constricted outlooks on life. In the opening statements of the story, the speaker refers to â€Å"Back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish, me and Sugar were the only ones just right, this lady moved on our block with nappy hair and proper speech and no makeup†¦and quite naturally we laughed at her, the way we did at the junk man†¦.† (628). It is from these statements the reader begins to question why the speaker, who lives in the same neighborhood, believes she is better than those who live in and around the community. The Lady described in the quote was named Miss Moore and she is a teacher (629). The speaker then goes on to describe how much she dislikes Miss Moore, she states, â€Å"and we kinda hated her too†¦ the only woman on the block without a first name. And she wa s black as hell†¦, and she was always planning boring-ass things for us to do† (629). From these words, the reader almost immediately realizes the immaturity level of the speaker, because she has no knowledge of Miss Moore and yet has such negative things to say about her, which in turn not only makes her immature but also very ignorant. A field trip is planned by Miss Moore for the students to a toy store in the upscale rich part of the city (629). This is done to provide the students with th...

Psoriasis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Psoriasis - Research Paper Example Thus, acceptance of the situation is an indispensable ingredient to maximize the clients’ adherence to any therapy. In this paper, the efficacy of the available treatment options for psoriasis will be comprehensively examined including the social issues affixed and outlook of the situation. In doing this, an overview of the disorder comprising the causes, risks, and pathophysiology will be briefly discussed. The cure for psoriasis has been a lifetime dream for dermatologists and affected clients. The quality of life of clients afflicted with psoriasis suffers greatly within 5 to 10 years after onset. Although it is not transmissible to other people, the appearance of the lesions affects the clients' social functioning (Winterfield et al, 2005). Traditional therapeutic regimens are continuously challenged by more recent discoveries in biochemistry and immunologic medicine. Some forms of treatment, like phototherapy and topical therapy, are used as a combination therapy rather t han used alone. In any case, minor and major adverse effects manifest themselves that limit the clients’ adherence to the prescribed therapy. Presently, medical practitioners continue to discover potential treatment options that would precipitate fewer side- effects. As the genetic correlation and immunologic alteration of the disorder are being studied, the use of biologic agents and gene therapy may become one of the treatment options in the future. Several scientists are becoming more and more aggressive in the treatment by using monoclonal antibodies purposely altered to suppress cell division of target cells (Winterfield et al, 2005). Pathophysiology The exact triggering mechanism involved in psoriasis consists of the dynamic interplay of individual factors and environment (Kumar et al, 2010). Although genetic predisposition to the condition has been recognized in some cases, the incidence of psoriasis remains relatively similar even in clients without a traceable family history. Moreover, the role of the environment as a risk factor can be seen in some clients when psoriatic lesions occur at areas with a history of skin injury, sunburn, and excoriation. Warm climates also appear to improve the condition (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2010). In addition, the immunologic causation of the condition can be observed in some clients who also developed debilitating arthritis. Because of this, psoriasis can be viewed as a systemic connective tissue disorder rather than a simple skin condition (McPhee et al, 2006). While it has been generally established that the onset of the condition occurs by 20 years of age, the condition may also manifest in older people at 57 to 60 years of age. Psoriasis is very common and affects nearly 1% to 2% of the population (Huether and McCance, 2006). The pathophysiologic basis of psoriasis highlights the involvement of an abnormality in the immune reaction in the skin which results from the overstimulation of the immune system (Kumar et al, 2010). Langerhans cells in the skin react with an unknown antigen, leading to T- lymphocyte activation which then attacks the keratinocytes. The resulting dermal inflammation causes scaling (McPhee et al, 2006). Normally, the cells in the basement membrane of the epidermis reach the outermost layer for about 27 days, while it only takes 4 to 5 days in the case of psoriasis. Cell maturation and keratinization are bypassed, thus the epidermis thickens and plaques form. Loosely cohesive keratin

Dynamics of multinational companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dynamics of multinational companies - Essay Example However, it should be noted that the benefits that come about as a result of FDI can only be possible if all the three parties follow the right regulations, and the ethical ways of doing business is strictly adhered to. This paper sheds some light on the costs, and benefits of FDIs to the investors, the home country, and the host country. In addition, it will also review how the country, and the firms’ level of development, and growth play a role in determining the costs, and benefits accrued from the FDIs (Weigel, Wagal & Gregory 1997, 56). Benefits and costs for The host country One of the core benefits of global foreign direct investment is that it creates an opportunity for money to freely flow to any business around the world that shows any signs of potential growth in the future. This is in light of the fact that when investors choose to invest their money, the main logic behind this is that they expect some forms of return from the investment. Additionally, the home cou ntry’s capital account will benefit from the inward flow from the returns on the investment. There are no standard criteria on who deserves the investment, and who doesn’t. This ensures that all the businesses get equal competitive advantage, and no particular business is favored over the others. Subsequently, economists observed that the best money will be invested in the best business anywhere in the world despite the race or color or culture. This in turn means that the goods, and services will reach the market just in time as compared to an instance when unrestricted FDI wouldn’t have been available. Benefits and costs for home country The foreign direct investment has an advantage to the investors too. The investors get to receive global benefits. The fact that the investors can freely invest in different countries reduces the risks likely to be suffered from the investment. Diversification brings about reduction in the risks likely to be incurred, and an i ncrease in the returns that will be enjoyed from the investment (Stephan 2013, 43). Secondly, the other benefit to the home country that comes with FDIs is that the investors can learn new valued skills that may come in handy from the foreign markets. Thereupon, these skills are then transferred to the home country leader to even further growth, and development for the country’s economy. Moreover, the businesses also get to benefit in that when an investor chooses to invest in a particular business, it is often expected that the investor will ensure that the staff is competent enough to give the investment a return. Additionally, the investors will introduce new technology to the business to ensure that it has a competitive edge over its competitors.(Chung 1997, 40) The business will get to be enlightened on ways of doing business they would likely not have been aware of before the investors come into the picture (Jones & Wren 2007,54). As a result, there will be improved gen eral living standards of the employees of the business with all these new incorporation. To add to this, since there are no kinds of favoritism in choosing which business to invest in, it would be expected that the government will have less influence on the business, and that the government isn’t able to put up poor economic policies that will affect the business. The other advantage for the host country is that there is a general improvement on the standards of living for the people in the country.

Wk 2 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wk 2 questions - Essay Example In macro needs assessments, surveys will probably be required. In contrast, in very micro settings, consultations with the local population and professional judgment can suffice to make a valid need assessment. This is because in very micro-settings, the community people can be convened for headcounts to substitute for surveys or census and professional judgment based on ocular inspection or rapid random sample or 100% physical check-ups on the population can suffice to identify health needs. If resources are limited then a combination of the following can be done to make rapid needs assessment: 1) key informant interviews; 2) focused group discussion; 3) consultations meetings with the community, local authorities, and local professionals; and 4) workshops with community leaders, local authorities, and local professionals. In the key-informant interviews, we focus on the local people or non-residents of the community whom we believe have an intimate of the locality. For instance, community leaders and anthropologists/sociologists who have been studying the community can be classified as â€Å"key informants†. In a focus group discussion, we convene a small group who are usually composed of people whom we can also classify as key informants to discuss needs and make an assessment of the situation or needs of the community under our supervision. In consultations meetings with the community and other stakeholders, we can convene a meeting with them even without maki ng a distinction between key informants and non-key informants and discuss with them community needs. We ask them to identify for us what their community needs are---under our supervision, of course. Workshops are very similar with focused group discussion except that the latter are more democratic and participatory. The unities arrived at workshop are usually stake-holder driven rather than driven by

The Changing Status Of Indian Women

The Changing Status Of Indian Women Historiography went throughout massive changes in 20th century especially after Second World War. Political history was replaced and challenged by socio-cultural history which broadening perspective towards theoretical innovations and brought new fields into historiography, most notably gender history which brought to historiography in the form of women history. However gender studies is an independent discipline which brought fifty percent of the population into the focus of historical studies that was previously generally gender blind or simply masculine. Women history is the study of the role that women played in history which includes the growth of women rights as recorded in history and the examination of an individual woman of historical significance and the effects of historical events on women. Women history emerged as a independent disciplines in 1960s or 1970s because, the traditional historical writing have minimized and ignored the contribution of women and also the effec ts of historical events on women as a whole, in this respect, women history is often a from of historical revisionism seeking to challenge the traditional historical consensus. History was written mainly by men and about mens activities in public spheres politics, war and diplomacy and aministration.Women was usally mentioned or portrayed in stereotyped role such as mother, wives, daughter and mistress.  [1]   In Indian history we can get references about the role of women from the beginning of the Indus valley civilization, the first known civilization of India which said to have flourished in 25th century BC. As per historical evidences peoples of this valley worshiped natural forces and divine power were mostly feminine. Nature was often called by term mother. Mother goddess was the first worshiped deity in the Indus valley. Indus community was basically matriarchal so there was no existence of the gender discrimination. Men and women both were engaged in food gathering which was the main economic activity that reveals equal participation of both in daily economic life.  [2]   The essence of the Vedic period as reflected in Vedic literature like four Vedas namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvam and their different branches like Brahmanas and Upanishads.The Early Vedic age which begins from 1500 B.C. and the post-Vedic age which extends from 1000 B.C. to 500 B.C. The word Veda primarily means knowledge, which virtually signifies sacred knowledge or scripture. During the Rig-Vedic or Early Vedic age that most of the hymns of the Rig-Veda were composed. It was in the later Vedic period that the Brahmanas, the three other Vedas and the Upanishads were composed.  [3]   During the Vedic era the patriarchal culture superseded the matriarchal culture and gender discrimination being introduced in the society, but the Rig-Veda reflect a stage where women enjoyed equal status of man and the Vedic sacrifices were jointly performed by both men and women.  [4]  But patriarchy never suppressed women rights and privileges. Girls were given education from 4th century BC. There were no references about child marriage in Rig-Vedic era.  [5]  If any girl wants to continue her education without marriage they were allowed to do so. There are two types of educated wise women were in Vedic period Brahmavadinis and Sadyodvahas. Many educated women became teacher in Vedic period they are called Upadhyayinis. Lopamudra was a famous women preacher who composed 179 hymns of Rig-Veda jointly with Agasthya. According to Dr Roy choudhury women not only composed hymns but were also well-versed in sacred texts. Women also learnt music and dancing  [6]  The Vedic pe oples were not conscious about gender power- politics and conflict at that time because Vedic society was then at a developing stage not in a complex mode. Widows remarriage was permitted in the Rig-Vedic society. Rig-Veda mentioned several hymns like the widow who lay on the pyre by the side of her dead husband was asked to come to the world of the living.  [7]  Rig-Veda also gave references about the freedom of women in Vedic society; they attended all religious festivals and fairs with their loved ones. The Aryans believed thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the wife and the husband being the equal halves of one substance were regarded equal in every respect and both took equal part in all duties, religious and social.  [8]  During Vedic age inter-caste marriage took place in the society. According to D.N Jha à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in one case the father was a priest, the mother grinder of corn and the son a physician, all three lived happily together.  [9]   But the degradation of women status was started in the later Vedic period. We can get references about post Vedic society from the Brahmanas, Upanisads and the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Smriti writers Manu, Yajnavalkya began to favour seclusion of women. Social customs and tradition were reinforced by the law-givers which degraded the position of women and the gender discrimination has begun. Indian society was based on caste system where Brahmins are preoccupied the top most position. Where Jain and Buddhist religion tried their best to bring equality in the society there Brahminical religion began to enforce strict moral code for their followers. Patriarchal families became powerful during this period and restrict womens activities. They were looked down upon as a temptation and hindrance in their march towards higher development.  [10]   The child widow were forcedly live a life with full of restriction which marred them physically and mentally, and from the 1st century AD the law givers prohibited widow remarriage. The writer of Arthasastra kautilya considered women as a child bearing machine and encouraged pre-pubescent marriages which damaged child bride mentally and physically because she was not physically fit to conceive a child and the adolescent pregnancy carries higher risk due to toxaemia (Organic Blood Poisoning), Cephalo-pelvic disproportion* and uterine inertia (uterine inertia that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the acme of contraction). Other disorders which affect children born to young mothers are CNS malformation (Central Nervous System) and CVS malformation which involves the cardiovascular system. The effects of physical hea lth also effects women self-confidence level. Now they were only capable of producing child and managing household affairs and their other socially useful activities prevailed. According to Romila Thapar Manu was felt that the inter-caste marriage would pollute the Aryan society. So à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to avoid pollution, you must control birthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but you lose control over birth, if you lose control over women  [11]  Manu also makes some provision for punishment of a woman by her husband if she makes any faults. She should be beaten by rope or by bamboo. Manu never sanctioned widow remarriage because she should remain faithful to her husbands memory but the widower could marry again. In Rig-Vedic times women was denied the right of inheritance. But Putrika could inherit her fathers wealth. The Niyoga system was encouraged where women was forced to marry her brother-in-law to safeguard property rights. In Vedic and post Vedic ages women married and unmarried daughter had some rights of inheritance but a widow, as well as wife, had no claim over her husbands property. Marriage became compulsory for Hindus. And the patriarchal system tended to keep the status of women at a low level, and the emergence of the joint family with special property rights for the male members reinforced male dominance.  [12]  The Rig-Vedic concept of Sahadharmini was replaced by Pativrata Dharma. This began a master- slave relationship between husband and wife. The right of choice of life partner was also taken away from woman. Manu in 2th century B.C insisted that women should always controlled by his male superior, in child age she must be controlled by her father, then after by his husband in her youth and in old age she must be controlled by his sons.  [13]   The Buddhist age witnessed a serious change in the status of Indian women. Gautama Buddha made the adoption of daughters valid which squashed the general belief that the birth of son was indispensible to attain salvation. Apart from this women were accepted as nun in the Buddhist monasteries. Admission of women into the monastic order secured for them a religious status and they played a vital role in propagating Buddhism. Buddha was allowed women to marry man of her choice and also gave the wife the right to inherit the husbands property. Buddhism also permitted divorce in some special cases. Buddhism also legalizing the right of unmarried daughter to the inherit fathers property in the absence of a son which provided women economic independence. Buddha also encouraged widow remarriage and finally in 12th century A.D the widows right of inheritance was recognize. Buddhism also gave prostitutes legal status by admitted them in Sanghas life, now they could live a life of alms-women. There were separate rules obviously discriminatory for men women who wanted to join the Buddhist Sanghas. In the annual Upostha Ceremony Buddhism also reveals the prejudice against women. Another discriminatory rule is mentioned in Sulla Vogga according to which the official admonition by an alms-woman is forbidden, whereas the official admonition of an alms woman by a monk is not forbidden.  [14]  Buddhism improved the status of at least a section of women who embraced that religion. The majority of women at that time lived in abject subordination, under the restraints imposed by Brahmanical religion. But the overall development in womens life and work soon eclipsed by the reassertion of Brahmanical religion. Buddhism never tried to abolish existing social order. The two main joint forces which degrade women position are joint family and caste system remained unalterable. Thats why some scholar has argued that the Buddhism was failed to understand the situation of woman from the angle of social justice. If justice were to be really done mere laws are not sufficient. It takes a total re-orientation in judicial thinking and attitude, if gender justice is to be doneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [15]   During the early medieval period the status women were gone lower and she was regarded equal status of Sudras. The smriti writers prohibited intercaste marriages. After Muslim invasion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Indian religion and social customs were faced with a system which was equally formulated and definite.  [16]  Which resulted caste system was became more rigid. Occupation now began to determine by birth. Now the lower society of Hindu castes was got an opportunity to assert their dignity by convert to the religion of equality i.e. Islam. Thats way Islam was spread very fast in some parts in India. Women dependence to her husband and was a prominent features of this period. Indian women now have lost their access to Streedhana or dowry and engaged themselves in farming and weaving. Now women cant freely participate in any religious festivals and functions with her male partner. Another social evil like child marriage adversely affected the health of the girls. Besides Muslims rulers in India had large harems which encouraged polygamy, even among the Hindus there was no limit set to the number of wives a man can take. Another social evil that existed in medieval India was female infanticide which was prevalent among the Rajputs and other higher castes and even among the Muslims. Purdah system gained popularity with the advent of the Muslims, Purdah is actually a Persian word According to Patricia Jeffrey Purdah is a part and parcel of stratification in India It becomes the mental foot binding, the frogs in a well syndrome, the submissiveness of the young bride and the inability of adult women to cope with the world outside.  [17]   Female infanticide was a negative effect of dowry system but this system became an integral part of the marriage ceremony in medieval India. It became a heavy burden to the poor peoples. The condition of Hindu widow became more miserable during Muslim period. She was forced to lead a life which was full of sorrows and was far from all worldly pleasure. The feudal society of Muslim India encouraged the practice of Sati. By the burning herself with her own husband she proves her loyalty. According to Soroj Gulati because of the continuous wars, there were chances of too many widows young and old, and a big question was how to accommodate them without bringing stigma to the family or creating problems for society.  [18]  Prostitution became a recognized institution in medieval India besides the Debdasi system in south India degraded the status of women, under this worst system women were brides of Gods but they are supposed to entertain kings, priests and even number of upper classes. According to Alberuni the kings make them an attraction for their cities, a bait of pleasure for their subjects, for no other but financial reasons.  [19]   The contribution of European to rediscovery of Indias ancient past was widely accepted by several scholars and writers of the nineteenth and twentieth century but their perception was influenced by British by two separate contradictory ways. One strand was represented by the Orientalists, whose reconstruction of the glory of Indian civilization was taken over lock, stock, and barrel by 19th century Indian writers. Another strand was the Utilitarian and Evangelical attack on contemporary Indian society on the visibly low status of women. The early Indian nationalist writers successfully constructed an image of womanhood in the lost past as a counter to the real existence of woman in the humiliating present. The woman question was not a theme that was foregrounded in the earliest work of the Asiatic society. William Jones did not pay any attention to Sati. It was Henry Thomas Colebrooke who focuses attention directly upon the women question on his first research On the Duties of the Faithful Hindu Widow  [20]  where he presented the textual position of sati. In the first quarter of the 19th century Raja Rammohun Roy declared crusade against sati, and argued that the ultimate goal of all Hindu was selfless absorption in a divine essence, a union that could not flow from an action like sati. In the 19th century Indian intelligentsia group involve in a dual encounter with colonial ideology. Awareness of the past through Orientalist scholarship was encounters by a strong negative perception of the present those missionaries, administrators; travelers were engaged in writing about this issue. The women question became a crucial tool in the colonial ideology. Colonial writers focused on the barbaric practices pertaining to women of the Hindu civilization. One of finest example and best known work in this perspective is James mills History of British India where Mill suggested that the Hindus were a high cultured people now in a state of decline. He judged the civilization was the position it accorded to its women. His conclusion was that the practice of segregating women did not come with the Mohammedans; rather, it was a consequence of the whole sprit of the Hindu society by which women must be constantly guarded at all times for fear of their intimate tendency towards infidelity. He states that Hindus compared women with a heifer on the plain that longeth for fresh grasses, referring to their uncontrollable sexuality.  [21]   The degradation of women position in Hindu civilization requiring the protection and intervention of colonial state, that the Hindus were unfit to rule themselves. On this ground British rule in India could be justified by a humanitarian and moral level. Indian intellect classes react violently to this grim picture of Hindu civilization and marshaled argument against each major criticism. The condition of women in past was a key aspect of historical writing in 1840s.One such example in this account provided by M.C Deb a converted Christian member of Young Bengal group according to him men in India look upon women as household slaves and treat them with a superciliousness that even the Sultan of Turkestan does not show towards his meanest serf.  [22]  In 1842 Peary Chand Mitra provided a well versed response to the mill approach on the position of women in Hindu civilization. He shows references from Sanskrit text Mahanirban Tantra which states that daughter should be nursed and educated with care and married to learned man.  [23]  His view about Indian women crystallized a national feminine identity which was based on high culture and nationalist writers are arguing about the high status of women in ancient India which is noticeable in Clarisse Baders monograph on ancient Indian women was published in 1867 which was directly inspired by Max Muellerian view of romanticization of ancient past. According to Baders view the Sati was an expression of womans ability to go beyond the bounds of requirement.  [24]  This view was inspired by western Orientalist womanhood identity that a women should be learned, free and highly cultured. In 1888 R.C Dutta provides a comprehensive rebuttal of Mills denigration of lower status of Hindu women. Women of the past valorized in two separate ways one of them their spiritual potential and their role as sahadharminis and a heroic resister to alien rulers who choose their death rather than dishonour.  [25]  According to Jashodhara Bagchi, the inherent tension between past and present womanhood was resolved by Bankimchandra in his last novels. In Anandamath he portrayed a women character shanti who fights shoulder to shoulder with her husband in liberating the motherland from shackles. Here shanti provided a role model of womanhood closest to a national identity during late 19th and 20th centuries, till up to Indian independence.  [26]   Another social reformer Dayaananda Saraswati believed the Vedic women lived an idyllic existence and fully participates in all areas of public life, but Muslim influence had taught Hindus to imprison their women within the house.  [27]  Dayananda was a sole rationale of a womans existence. According to him a child body is made up of elements derived from the body of mother, so mother getting weaker after each confinement. For continued needs of propagating strong and healthy children, the wife and husband should be content with each other.  [28]  Throughout the 19th century the most problematic category of women were widows for consequence of early marriage and reformers were attempting to resolve the problem, Dayananda found his solution that remarriage for both men and women was equally valid if there were no children from earlier marriage. But the best practice for both man and woman is Brahmacharya (self-control), followed by adoption but who cant control their passions t he best recourse is niyoga.  [29]   The woman question had dominated throughout most of the 19th century was something of a casualty during this period, has faced a tremendous reaction against the Age of Consent Bill because of implicit fear of conservatives of the lost control over womens sexuality. In the closing decade of the 19th century we have got a unique identity of Indian womanhood from Swami Vivekananda who characterized Hindu womanhood by her devotional and spiritual character instead of western materialist setting womanhood.  [30]  In the changed political and social environment of the late 19th century the women image which was portrayed by the nationalists was more important than the reality throughout of the 20th century, the image also came to examined by the reality through the work of Altekar, as the historical reality.

Adolescent Case Study Essay -- essays research papers

Adolescent Case Study I. Identification A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The child's biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationship or contact with him either. B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfather is a high school graduate and owns his own construction business. Her mother is a homemaker and quit school during her sophomore year. C. The subject and her family live in Southern Gardens, a small subdivision in Bossier City. The family, for the most part, keeps to themselves and does not have any close, personal associations. The few associates they have are business colleagues and people from their church groups. D. The stepfather is a relatively healthy male, approximately 6'1" tall, dark brown hair, brown eyes, weighs around 200 pounds and has no known physical illness. The mother is 5'4" tall, blonde hair, brown eyes and has noticeable symptoms of depression and a significant drinking problem. Presently she is in good overall physical health. E. Most of the family's interest revolves around the subject's athletic activities such as baseball and church related activities such as Sunday services and youth centered groups. F. The family attends a full gospel, nondenominational church on a regular basis. Their political views are primarily democratic. G. The family is of Italian descent and somewhat antisocial. They rarely see anyone on a personal basis and have no close personal friends. III. History of the Case A. The subject is approximately 5'5" tal... ...ubject is suffering from physical and emotional neglect from her parents resulting in depression, low self esteem, aggressive tendencies, and bouts of hypochondria. V. Recommendations My recommendations would be to remove the subject from the abusive situation by placing her in a temporary foster home and to require her parents to undergo a full psychiatric evaluation. She should remain in the foster home until her mother undergoes and successfully completes an alcohol rehabilitation program and receives counseling for the physical and emotional abuse which she has endured. The stepfather should be required to stay away from the subject and her mother until he undergoes counseling and no longer exhibits signs of aggressive and abusive behavior. Other recommendations for the subject would be to prescribe antidepressants combined with group support with other adolescents suffering similar situations and problems. Her aggressive tendencies and low self esteem need to be addressed by placing her in a loving and emotionally stable and supportive household where she would be allowed to experience some freedom from the emotional burden of having to run a household virtually by herself.

Families need fathers Essay

The debate, â€Å"Families need fathers† is one in which there are many issues that need to be considered when looking at the question. Family poverty, domestic violence, the effect on children and family stereotypes by society all need to be considered in the debate. Recent surveys have shown that fathers also need families and therefore making the matter more complicated. Fathers still remain important in our society because family poverty is still largely prevented by the existence of a male, full time worker’s wage in a household. Due to the patriarchal nature of our society, women find it difficult to obtain appropriate work to fit in with custody of children. In a Social Trends survey the rise in mothers working part time form 49 percent in 1973 to 64 percent in 1994. This often means working in low paid, part time jobs with little chance that mothers’ earnings alone will be able to cover the cost of subsistence for themselves, never mind there children. Those who do work full time do not necessarily escape from economic dependence, choosing to work and pay for childcare may well prove uneconomic for large numbers of the working class. There is very little publicly provided care which fits the needs of working mothers: most pre school care is part time and infused with the ideology of education, rather then care and education. A large proportion of their income is spent on childcare and as childcare in Britain is the most expensive in Europe, lack of affordable childcare prevents the lone mother entering the labour market emphasising the need for fathers, or a male wage in the family. â€Å"Married men work harder, earn more and are more likely to have a job then other men†, according to Rowthorn and Ormerod, therefore preventing family poverty, although the modern woman is striking back. Nowadays it is easier to be a single mother. Welfare benefits, job opportunities, and the support of nurseries, playgroups and schools make it easier for single mothers to provide for their families alone. The Family Futures Report conducted by Graeme Leach predicts that by the year 2020 women will have become the main earners in at least half of all households. The feminisation of the work place will force companies to create a â€Å"mother-track† career as many companies will prefer the work of women to men meaning that affordable childcare will become available and the 20 percent pay gap will have disappeared. Even now, women’s contributions through earnings are important in reducing the family’s vulnerability to poverty. Families with 1 or 2 children were at the greatest risk of poverty without the earnings of the wife. In 1990, for example, people in households where the husband worked but the wife did not, had a 4 to 6 times higher risk of being in the bottom income quintile then those where both parents were working. Gittins (1993) states that more divorced men remarry showing that women have more independence and less need for a relationship, the family does not need a father or male figure to survive. The effect on children growing up without a father is one of the main focuses on the debate as there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that this has an enormous impact on the emotional and physical health of the child. Dennis and Erdos (1993) argued that research into the effect of fatherless families showed that † unless a child is brought up in the constant atmosphere of human beings negotiating, co-operating, controlling their anger, affecting reconciliation’s, he (sic) cannot learn what it is to be an effective member of a social group†¦ for this he needs the presence of two adults in close interaction constantly in his immediate environment. † Fatherless families are seen as contributing to the rise of educational failure, welfare dependency, and involvement in crime and drug abuse among young people, especially young boys from council estates. Indeed, only a quarter of persistent young offenders lived with two parents and that included step parents and mother’s boyfriends, 4 out of 5 children going into care have lone parents and on American and British council estates it was found that the higher the percentage of lone parent households, the higher the percentage of crime and burglary. These statistics show that it is not just families that need fathers; society also needs them as well. The concern for the effect of divorce on children is being researched more and more as divorce rates are becoming higher, one in three marriages now end in divorce and the effect on children is being examined closely. Rowthorn and Ormerod state that â€Å"on every measure of achievement and emotional condition, children living with their married parents usually do better then other children† although it is often hard to distinguish between the effects of marriage and divorce and other factors such as poverty and racism. Nevertheless, divorce often means poor exam results, damaged health and stress and four times the risk of needing psychiatric help as a child. Dr Richards took 17,000 children from the National Child Development Survey and monitored their lives at intervals until they were 35. He discovered that children, whose parents had divorced before they were 16, were on average less emotionally stable, left home earlier, and divorced or separated more frequently. However, this study was concerned with children of the middle class in 1958, and from then till now, social attitudes have changed as divorce is much more acceptable then it was in the fifties and therefore children are less affected by it, but most studies show the more involved the father; the better developed the child intellectually and socially. This view that children are affected by the absence of a father in the family is one to be contested. The latest research for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation shows that the absence of one or other parent figure from a household is not the aspect of separation which most effects the child’s development. Children are not necessarily harmed by divorce providing the parents split in an amicable fashion and good regular contact with the absent father can reduce some of the ill effects of divorce.

Child custody forms Essays

Child custody forms Essays Child custody forms Essay Child custody forms Essay Divorce issues Response to an Affidavit in Opposition Motion Why the Father is Not Resolving Issues One of the most contentious problems in a divorce is child custody, and a child, in this case, is defined as someone below the age of 21 years according to the Womens Charter. At times the child is taken to the counselor who is responsible for taking care of the child, especially for help in psychological matters affecting the child as a result of the separation of the parents. Despite the spouses divorce, both of the parents still have the authority when it comes to deciding on the main issues affecting the childs day to day matters. The parents acquire full control of the child when in their custody. In my case, my ex-husband and I have joint custody and complete control of our child Trevor, but the problem is that he is not helping in correcting the issues that we are facing. Instead, he blames me for all mistakes without finding out the reasons as to my behavior. Solving of Issues in divorce decree Right and Wrong Increasingly, the courts have been giving custody of the children to both parents. The reason for joint custody is for the good of the child. The presence of the two parents in the life of the child is significant for development or rather crucial support to the child. Just because the marriage has ended, it does not mean that parenthood stops altogether. In this case, I feel that my ex-husband has been assuming all the responsibilities and major decisions about the welfare of our child. There are several issues that he has not resolved, and they affect our son and me adversely. Despite not correcting issues while he has the custody of Trevor, other problems have emerged which have prompted me to respond to the matter at hand. As the other partner with a responsibility to my son, I have a right to defend my custody of our son, which is aimed at improving his welfare. It is also wrong that my ex-husband has been taking the side of my son, especially when he goes complaining to him after I have disciplined him. As a parent, I know how important it is to teach a child since it contributes significantly to his growth, development and training in the later life of adulthood. I have been trying to learn and educated Trevor to my level best. However, when Trevor is in the custody of his father and complains of how I discipline him, the father takes his side. He forwards the complaints to his lawyer who then contacts me in an unfriendly manner. Most of the children are not in support of the disciplined measure imposed on them and would thus lean to the side where the discipline rules are not stringent. This is the same case that has been happening with my son since he does not approve of my discipline measure. Despite my effort in trying to bring up our son in an upright manner, my ex-husband has been pointing fingers at me and blaming me for making our son unhappy. He puts forward the blames without even doing a thorough research on why I had to discipline Trevor. For proper child bringing, the parents need to join hands and ensure that their children are well-behaved instead of putting the blame on each other. My ex-husband has been doing the contrary of what was expected, and I feel that this is very wrong. I have a right to discipline my son by the law. Additionally, it is very wrong that my ex-husband cannot punish our son all in the name of wanting to win him over and make me look bad in the eyes of my son. He should perform the responsibility of a parent and instill the necessary education and discipline required of Trevors upbringing. It would only be right if my ex-husband would stop the blame game regarding the custody of our child. Neither of us is perfect, thus instead of playing the blame games, we should have a serious talk on the upbringing of our child. He should contact me to establish the facts on why I decided to discipline our son in the manner in which I did, and from there we can agree on several ways of doing the disciplinary and the education. His avoiding disciplining Trevor does not do any good. Consequently, lack of proper upbringing will haunt us later in life as the parents. It would be a greater disappointment when Trevor reaches an age where it would be hard to teach him to the right path since we ignored to make the changes while he is still young. Code of conduct definition Offensive and Defensive Breach of Conduct by the Counselor Code of Conduct outlines the acceptable ethical issues and workplace behaviors that the employees in any given position should adhere to diligently. The formal document clearly describes what the employees should and should not do. As a result of the breach of the code of conduct, the employee should be eligible to penalties of equivalence to and level of the contact breached. The kind of the offense that the counselor in charge of my son committed is categorically a primary offense, and thus severe measures should be enforced. Not only did she abuse her power by trading off the sensitive medical report of my son to his father without my knowledge, but also informed me that I had to pay $10, 000 if I wanted the medical report that should be handed over to me even without asking for it. Thus, she has to face the full force of law by violating her job conducts. A counselor was given the responsibility of counseling our son when he was in the custody of his father. Her responsibilities were to make all the decisions about Trevor more so health-related decisions. The decision the counselor was to make were inclusive of the daily care of Trevor, help him manage the parent separation issues, his health care, and general behavioral correction. However, I have lost faith in the counselor, and I now know that she is not capable enough to look after my son appropriately. She was given the responsibility to take care of all the needs of our child and act according to the set codes of conduct, but she breached the ethical and professional conduct. I have exhibits that the counselor saw Trevor cry for the whole of 2016, but she did not inform me on any of this. The crying of the children can do more than the public harm, not only to their health but also for general growth. The prevention of mind relaxation, loss of appetite and depression are among the negative impact that is associated with the continuous crying. Additionally, when a child cries especially for a prolonged period, then that implies that there is something vital to him that is not being provided. With the maternal instincts naturally instilled in me, crying of the child continuously can be stressing, and more so when the child is not in my custody. I could not stomach the look on my son when I know he had been crying all through under unknown circumstance. Whenever I see his dark face, I cannot help but cry too. Thus, I thereby feel that the counselor appointed for my son failed terrifically in her duties and thereby should get offloaded her obligations and the child handed over to a better guide who can act and perform these duties as expected. The right to have access to medical care Another reason why the guide has failed in her duties is that she did not at any one time listen to the pleas and complaints that Trevor had been presenting to her. It is the right of my son as a true citizen of this nation to have access to medical health. His complaining to the counselor was a clear indication that something was eating him up, an ailment that could be treated but the guide chose not to recommend a medical practitioner and concealed the information from me for reasons only known to her. Being denied access to health care is the worst thing that can happen to a helpless child who could not get access to life necessities just because the mother had no custody of him. Therefore, the counselor should be offloaded the burden of my son since he is on the verge of something risky happening to him as he could not be provided with medical attention needed. I have the interest of my son at heart, and I would gladly give him the life necessities like access to care as his moth er. Not only did the counselor fail by making my son cry his eyes out for a whole year and denying him his right to access medical health, but she also collaborated with my husband to leak personal and private information about my sons health without my consent. My ex-husband had access to this sensitive information for free, and he did not tell me about it, yet we all have a part to play in our sons life as per the terms of the joint custody. To blow everything out of proportions, I was asked by the same counselor who acted behind my back with my ex-husband to pay a huge lump sum of money amounting to $10,000. Honestly, if it were for a good course, I would gladly work myself off to raise the price. However, the strange thing is that she was asking me to pay that entire amount for information that should be relayed to me way before even asking for it. The maternal care in divorce Fair and Unfair As a mother, I have a right to know what my son is ailing from and act appropriately as per my duties as a parent. By the end of the day, I would be the one to lose just in case anything terrible happens to my son. The fact that my ex-husband could access the information is unfair since we all have equal rights to access the information about the health and welfares of our son. The counselor should face justice for acting in a biased way and favoring my ex-husband by having him obtain the medical report of our son. I protest the continuity of the counselor taking care and being in charge of my son since she does not have the best interest of my child at heart. If it is not possible for me to be granted the full custody of my son, then I would be more appropriate if the counselor could be swapped for a more caring and code of conduct adhering counselor. It is also unfair that Trevors father has enrolled our son in a competitive baseball league and some summer league ball and swim club. It is very fair when my son gets to engage in creative activities like these, but the wrong thing is the timing of the events. His father has made sure that these activities coincided with my days of custody of Trevor, and this is way too unfair on my part as these activities deprive Trevor and erode his time with his mother. This is not appropriate behavior, and the father should be reminded of his wrongful actions and it should be stopped immediately. His desire to enroll Trevor in these activities is all for selfish motives of wanting to widen the gap between my son and me. These activities have eroded two of my custody days, and to make the matter worse, my ex-husband never consulted me before making that decision. He is only after hurting me when he does that, and this is not fair at all. Once I discovered that Trevor needed emergency treatment, I put all the input measures in a position so that I could attend to the health matters of my son enough. I consulted a doctor on the issue to have Trevor start medication right away. However, instead of this issue being taken with the weight it bears, Trevorts father denied my input on the issue. He went ahead to discuss my concerns and complaints with Trevor who does not even know what is best for him since he is just a kid of ten years. My efforts of attending to my childts heath were not appreciated or acknowledged at all in this particular moment. The consultant in 2014, Bob Finlay, who initially discussed this health matter with my ex-husband Andrew, suggested that Andrew hires Sandy Hawkins to treat my son. That was a humiliation of the highest level since and my effort to cater for my childs health was trashed away and disregarded as worthless. Animportance of child safety Having swapped my doctor for his, Andrew should not have compelled me to pay for the other half of the medical services provided to our son. He disrespectfully disregarded my doctor. Thus Andrew should be the one to cater for the recurring expenses since he saw my ideas as worthless. It would only be fair if he consulted me so that we could collectively agree and take our son to the best doctor. The competition that he was trying to pose was totally out of place and unhealthy, and it directly has adverse effects on our son as he had to see daily when his parents keep on fighting even for very simple matters. Communication is important, and in this case, a simple consultation would have been good for me all the right for our son. Thus, I at this moment feel that the unhealthy competition Andrew poses to me has already affected our son to a great extent, and he should be denied custody till the time when he knows the value of the care. Safety of our child should come first before our differences. Having him have a say, I matter that are way beyond his age is precarious and could have severe consequences if we give him the mandate to decide on what is best for him. Having Trevor enrolled in the competitive sports is way too risky for his tender age. Additionally, having to see us disagree on everything especially matters that are sensitive to him like his health is not only unsafe for him but us too. Thus, it would be safe we put aside our differences for once and have the essential matters attended to adhesively. Having a child lose faith in their parents is very disappointing since he may conceal important information from them which may have to severe implications later in the future. Both physical and emotional safety of Trevor is vital hence Andrew should face the law when he tries to mess around with these facts. Family conflict Safe and unsafe Why the Father Is Not Resolving Issues I disagree with the idea of sharing custody of my son with my ex-husband. With my ex-husband having the care of our son, I feel that Trevor is rather unsafe by having his father as part of the care. He has not changed or corrected his behavior of being over protective and failing to discipline our son, and this is a major risk for our son. His kind of behavioral conduct is not fit for our son since it would be bad for him to grow while morally crooked. Not only can he emulate the behaviors of his father but can it can also end up affecting him negatively since he has an emotional connection with his father whereby he is on the verge of believing that everything his father does is always correct. Children are too quick on picking up behaviors from other people whether good or bad, and it would be unsafe for him to have his father as a role model since he will need to man up and discipline his children when he grows up. Andrew has been actively aggressive over the recent past trying to destroy my relationship with my family and friends, and he has been doing this by turning them against me making them believe that I am a terrible mother to my son. He has a psychologist for a sister who can is capable of advising him according to over the issues we are facing at the moment. Andrews maliciousness started way back after delivery of Trevor has he would start fights once he arrived home from work. He has a deep history of rage issues as a fan of multiple sports teams, and I have witnessed Andrew go through withdrawal when the Canucks contract agreements go haywire, and he does not have the ability to focus on the television and follow the games. His family too had had family feuds as he suffered a lot when his mother, Jane James, and her brother were distanced for over 30 years as a result of a family feud, and it was not until her passing that her immediate family communicated with him. Andrew has thus been affected greatly and wants to pass this predisposition on Trevor. As the mother to Trevor, I cannot allow my son to go through the family feud stress. Thus, I would do anything legal to protect my son. Joint custody with ex-husband Joint custody was meant to give my ex-husband time to rectify his behavior, but that has not been the case. Since my ex-husband has failed to correct his behavior, then he should know I should be given the full custody of my child to keep his actions in check solely. It was very offensive and against the law for the ex-husband to go beyond my back and obtain the medical report of our child without being informed immediately as well, my sonts health care has been delayed far too long. Our son is our priority, and we both have equal rights to know what our son is undergoing. He being given a chance to access information that I was delayed informed we had to pay huge sums to obtain. We both should regularly be informed on the medical state of our son with no costs attached whatsoever. Additionally, it was unfair that it took a whole year for me to get informed on the medical issues of my son. As a woman and a mother, I have equal right as my ex-husband, and so is the manner to the acces s to report that he too has access. The court should thus use this incident to analyze and serve justice in this case. It is very unsafe to give power and mandate to a child to decide on sensitive matters like their health issues. The act that Andrew had to consult Trevor on my complaints about his health is not acceptable. As a mother, I have the right to decide on what treatment my son should undergo since I know what is best for him. Andrew having to consult with Trevor clearly indicates that my opinion is not valid at all. Additionally, he portrayed a bad image in my sons head by having him have a better say than mine when he consulted Trevor than believe what I had to say. Respect is equally important, but in this case, Andrew humiliated me in the worst way possible. I have a right to be treated and coded all the respect I deserve and not be disrespected for any reason at all. It would be reasonable for him to talk things over before behaving disrespectfully. Dispute resolution The disputes that my ex-husband and I have been having needed to be solved with immediate effects before things get out of proportion. Most of the complaints that I have put forward results from my ex-husbands aggressiveness to bar me from being with my son. joint custody means that we all have equal right to be with our son. Thus he should let me have my time since I do not interfere with his time with Trevor. Since he has proven to be more aggressive and challenging for me to handle, I would, therefore, ask for the intervention of the court in this matter. He has subjected me to mental stress which has caused me anger as it is very difficult to parent as a result of these actions, and this affects my health in general. I still need to have mental and health stability so that I can play my role as a mother to Trevor. He is a young child, and his well-being and welfare are my priority in my lie. Parental responsibility Problem Solving The problem that I am having with my ex-husband can only be solved by having stringent laws govern the time we have with our son. He should not interfere with my custody time for whatever reason. If he needs Trevor to engage in any extra curriculum activities without consulting me, then he should do so within his custody days and not mine. Additionally, Andrew should establish facts before pointing fingers and blame me for disciplining my son. He too as a father has a responsibility to teaching Trevor, and if this is too much for him, then I should be given full custody of Trevor. His malicious aggressiveness should be evidenced enough of him being denied the care of Trevor since he has breached the terms of the contract pertaining the contract. As a mother, I should not be subjected to any pressure since I still have a long way in bringing up my son and this would not be possible with the kind of pressure that his father has made me undergo. In summary, I am requesting for my husband to help in correcting our sons behavior and guiding him appropriately without taking the sons side to win him over. I would also appreciate if my ex-husband can assume the responsibility in making crucial decisions regarding the welfare of our son. Additionally, I am suggesting the replacement of Trevors counselor because she is biased and has failed by breaking her ethical code of conduct. She is taking advantage of the situation to demand huge sums of money in trading for our sons information, which is one-sided. I am also proposing that she face the law for her misconduct to avoid repetition of such actions. I am supporting the idea that Trevor should engage in physical exercises such as the ones his father registered him. However, such decision should be made by both of us, and they should not affect our time with our son. I am willing to take full custody of our son in case my ex-husband is not ready to take parental roles seriously. Co rrecting the behaviors of a child is one such a central role that each parent should play. If the father does what the child tells him rather than having the son do what the father says, then, Trevors morals might be corrupted, and he might live a regrettable life in the future just because of someone who failed his role as a parent. Finally, I would like the law to take its course so that my ex-husband will not continue subjecting me to mental stress by barring me from being with my son.